MDX61B0110-5A3-4-0P

一般来说，PLC是极其可靠的设备，出故障率很低。PLC的CPU等硬件损坏或软件运行出错的概率几乎为零；PLC输入点如不是强电入侵所致，几乎也不会损坏；PLC输出继电器的常开点，若不是外围负载短路或设计不合理，负载电流超出额定范围，触点的寿命也很长。因此，我们查找电气故障点，重点要放在PLC的外围电气元件上，不要总是怀疑PLC硬件或程序有问题，这对快速维修好故障设备、快速恢复生产是十分重要的，因此笔者所谈的PLC控制回路的电气故障检修，重点不在PLC本身，而是PLC所控制回路中的外围电气元件。PLC系统接地要求比较严格，最好有独立的专用接地系统，还要注意与PLC有关的其他设备也要可靠接地。多个电路接地点连接在一起时，会产生意想不到的电流，导致逻辑错误或损坏电路。 产生不同的接地电势的原因，通常是由于接地点在物理区域上被分隔的太远， 当相距很远的设备被通信电缆或传感器连接在一起的时候，电缆线和地之间的电流就会流经整个电路，即使在很短的距离内，大型设备的负载电流也可以在其与地电势之间产生变化，或者通过电磁作用直接产生不可预知的电流。在不正确的接地点的电源之间，电路中有可能产生毁灭性的电流， 以至于破坏设备。工业现场的环境比较恶劣，存在着许多高低频干扰。这些干扰一般是通过与现场设备相连的电缆引入PLC的。除了接地措施外，在电缆的设计选择和敷设施工中，应注意采取一些抗干扰措施：

1、模拟量信号属于小信号，极易受到外界干扰的影响，应选用双层屏蔽电缆；

2、高速脉冲信号（如脉冲传感器、计数码盘等）应选用屏蔽电缆，既防止外来的干扰，也防止高速脉冲信号对低电平信号的干扰；

3、PLC之间的通信电缆频率较高，一般应选用厂家提供的电缆，在要求不高的情况下，可以选用带屏蔽的双绞线电缆；

4、模拟信号线、直流信号线不能与交流信号线在同一线槽内走线；

5、控制柜内引入引出的屏蔽电缆必须接地，应不经过接线端子直接与设备相连；

6、交流信号、直流信号和模拟信号不能共用一根电缆，动力电缆应与信号电缆分开敷设。

7、在现场维护时，解决干扰的方法有：对受干扰的线路采用屏蔽线缆，重新敷设；在程序中加入抗干扰滤波代码。

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