描述

IS220PSVOH1A-GE

技巧3——在启动时执行RAM检查

为了建立一个更加可靠和扎实的系统，确保系统硬件正常工作非常重要。毕竟硬件会发生故障。（幸运的是软件永远不会发生故障，软件只会做代码要它做的事，不管是正确的还是错误的）。在启动时验证RAM的内部或外部没有问题，是确保硬件可以如预期般运作的一个好方法。

有许多不同的方法可用于执行RAM检查，但常用的方法是写入一个已知的模式，然后等上一小段时间再回读。结果应该是所读就是所写。真相是，在大多数情况下RAM检查是通过的，这也是我们想要的结果。但也有极小的可能性检查不通过，这时就为系统标示出硬件问题提供了极好的机会。

技巧4——使用堆栈监视器

对许多的嵌入式开发者而言，堆栈似乎是一股相当神秘的力量。当奇怪的事情开始发生，工程师终于被难倒了，他们开始思考，也许堆栈中发生了什么事。结果是盲目地调整堆栈的大小和位置等等。但该错误往往是与堆栈无关的，但怎能如此确定？毕竟，有多少工程师真的实际执行过最坏情况下的堆栈大小分析？

堆栈大小是在编译时就静态分配好的，但堆栈是以动态的方式使用的。随着代码的执行，应用程序需要的变量、返回的地址和其它信息被不断存储在堆栈中。这种机制导致堆栈在其分配的内存中不断增长。然而，这种增长有时会超出编译时确定的容量极限，导致堆栈破坏相邻内存区域的数据。

绝对确保堆栈正常工作的一种方法是实现堆栈监视器，将它作为系统“保健”代码的一部分（有多少工程师会这样做？）。堆栈监视器会在堆栈和“其它”内存区域之间创建一个缓冲区域，并填充已知的位模式。然后监视器会不断的监视图案是否有任何变化。如果该位模式发生了改变，那就意味着堆栈增长得太大了，即将要把系统推向黑暗地狱！此时监视器可以记录事件的发生、系统状态以及任何其它有用的数据，供日后用于问题的诊断。

大多数实时操作系统（RTOS）或实现了内存保护单元（MPU）的微控制器系统中都提供有堆栈监视器。可怕的是，这些功能默认都是关闭状态，或者经常被开发人员有意关闭。在网络上快速搜寻一下可以发现，很多人建议关闭实时操作系统中的堆栈监视器以节省56字节的闪存空间。等等，这可是得不偿失的做法！

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IS220PSVOH1A-GE

描述

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